Products from unregulated online vendors are not manufactured under pharmaceutical standards, may contain incorrect concentrations or be mislabeled, have no guarantee of sterility or freedom from contamination, are often produced overseas in facilities with unknown quality controls, and carry zero accountability if something goes wrong
Freezing can cause the vitamin B12 molecules to break down, altering its effectiveness and making it unsafe for use
Use sterile technique, swirl gently to mix, and then recalculate your concentration using the new total water volume
A report from the Framingham Offspring Study of 2,999 adults found the following average daily B12 intakes, including fortified foods and supplements (Tucker, 2000): Age 26-49: 8.9 g Age 50-64: 8.7 g Age 65-83: 8.5 g A 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of over 4,500 adults 60 years and older found the following average daily B12 intakes (USDA NHANES, 2019): Male non-supplement users (68% of men): 4.5 g Male supplement users: 5.3 g from food plus 326 g from supplements Female non-supplement users (63% of women): 3.6 g Female supplement users: 3.8 g from food plus 520 g from supplements European Food Safety Authoritys Recommendations In 2015, the EFSA released recommendations for B12 intake across Europe
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